Florida is famously the Sunshine State — but during the dog days of summer, that may not be a good thing. Sun exposure carries a number of health risks, from sunburn to skin cancer to heatstroke. Some people are more susceptible than others, depending on their skin tone, genetics, and lifestyle factors.
The best way to prevent sun-related health conditions is to practice sun safety. This is two-fold: protecting yourself from UV radiation and keeping cool to prevent overheating.
Read on to learn the basics of sun protection so you can safely enjoy Florida’s dazzling summers!
What are the Risks of Sun Exposure?
Our sun plays a crucial role in our environment. It provides warmth and triggers photosynthesis in plants. However, it is a powerful source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Our atmosphere shields us from much of this, but your skin is still exposed to UV rays whenever you’re outdoors.
This radiation disrupts the chemical bonds in our cells. “Free radical” oxygen ions then prevent DNA from working properly. This can lead to skin damage, which ranges from temporary (i.e., a tan) to chronic (such as leathery texture or dark spots). Repeated breaks in the DNA make your cells more susceptible to cancerous growth.
Unfortunately, UV radiation levels are rising due to a thinning ozone layer. In particular, the UBV type of this radiation is more likely to reach your skin. It’s little surprise, then, that rates of skin cancer are also on the rise.
Sun exposure can also lead to heat-related illnesses. These fall on a spectrum from heat exhaustion to heatstroke. The latter is a medical emergency that can be fatal if left untreated. Both involve hyperthermia, in which the body temperature rises above normal — over 103°F for heat stroke. Symptoms include dizziness, fainting, behavioral changes, headache, and an elevated heart rate
Overheating can also contribute to dehydration as the body sweats. It’s important to replenish those fluids so vital organs can function normally.
Protecting Your Skin From the Sun
There are many myths about skin safety during sun exposure. Let’s tackle them one by one:
Myth: You don’t need sunscreen on cloudy days or in the shade.
Fact: UV rays can penetrate through clouds. Even on overcast days, your skin is susceptible to UVB radiation
And while seeking shade can provide some protection from the sun, it does not fully shield you from radiation. UV rays can reflect off surfaces such as sand, water, and concrete. This indirect exposure can be just as damaging.
As a general rule, if you’ll be outside for more than 15 minutes, wear sunscreen.
Myth: A higher SPF sunscreen makes it last longer.
Fact: “SPF” stands for “Sun Protection Factor,” which describes how much of the UV radiation the sunscreen blocks. It has nothing to do with how long it lasts. You should reapply sunscreen every two hours — more often if you’re sweating, swimming, or fair-skinned. Even “water-resistant” sunscreens lose their effectiveness after a certain period in water.
Myth: Tanning beds are safer than sunbathing.
Fact: Tanning beds actually expose your skin to a more concentrated dose of UB radiation. And because most people don’t wear sunscreen before getting into the bed, they may be at an even higher risk of skin damage.
Myth: Sunscreen never goes bad.
Fact: All sunscreen products have an expiration date. The effectiveness of the active ingredients can diminish over time. Make sure to check the packaging’s printed expiration date and replace your sunscreen regularly.
Myth: Darker-skinned people don’t need to worry about skin protection.
Fact: Sun safety applies to all skin tones. While individuals with fair skin are generally more prone to sunburns, everyone should take sun safety seriously. Although darker skin provides some natural protection against the sun’s harmful rays, it does not eliminate the risk of sunburns or skin damage.
Creating a Sun Safety Plan
Stock up on sunscreen
Sunscreen should be applied generously. Many people underestimate the amount of sunscreen needed for effective protection. The general recommendation is to apply a shot glass-sized amount (about one ounce) of sunscreen to cover the exposed areas of your body.
Be wary of extra risks
Certain medications, such as antibiotics, diuretics, antidepressants, and some acne treatments, can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Skincare products containing retinol also have this effect. It’s essential to read the labels or consult your healthcare provider about potential sun-related side effects and take appropriate precautions.
Think beyond sunscreen
Even the highest SPF products can’t block 100% of radiation. Make sure your sun safety plan includes protective clothing as well, even in the shade. Long-sleeved lightweight shirts, sunglasses, and wide-brimmed hats can all help protect your skin. (And they look stylish, too!)
Stay hydrated
When we’re properly hydrated, our body can easily sweat to cool us down. Hydration also keeps organs healthy so they can better tolerate hot conditions. Always bring water and food with a high water content to outdoor events.
But you do get overheated, drinking water can only help so much. You should get to a cooler area and out of the sun. If heat sickness progresses to heat stroke, do NOT drink fluids and immediately seek medical attention.
Conclusion: Prioritize Sun Safety This Summer — And All Year
It’s important to get some sunshine. That’s how our bodies make vitamin D. However, sun exposure carries multiple health risks. A few simple practices can help reduce your likelihood of skin damage or heat-related illnesses. That way, you can “soak up the sun” — but not literally! Practice sun safety and enjoy your summer.
And remember, the sun comes out all year round (especially in Florida). Make skin protection a habit no matter the season!